NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission measured some heavy rainfall in Tropical Storm Arlene as it was coming ashore into Mexico early today. Issued 21 hours before landfall, the warning was discontinued after the system moved inland. In El Salvador, a single landslide attributed to the flooding killed 20 people. Shortly thereafter, Hurricane Hunters confirmed the intensity, while reporting a pressure of 1,000.0 hectopascals (29.53 inHg). Tropical Storm Arlene became the first tropical cyclone of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season on June 8, 2005. It moved northeast, west-northwest, and then eventually back to the northeast, reaching its peak of 60 mph as it did so, and then dissipated on June 18. Based on satellite imagery, the National Hurricane Center upgraded the depression to Tropical Storm Arlene on May 7. The storm tracked into the cold sector of the cyclone, causing Arlene to lose tropical characteristics around 12:00 UTC on April 21. It started as a depression and later became a tropical storm. Entire plots of farmland were inundated by torrential rains brought by Arlene. This marked the first Atlantic tropical storm in May since 1970's Hurricane Alma. Arlene was subsequently upgraded to a tropical storm on June 19, but failed to intensify further due to its proximity to land. Arlene was first noted as an extratropical low that developed along a frontal system that was draped across the northern Atlantic. After forming, Arlene moved north, eventually making landfall on the Florida Panhandle as a 60 mph tropical storm. The vibrant colors in this image depict relative wind speed, as measured by the sensor, with the highest wind speeds in red. Over the following week, the system grew in expanse as it slowly tracked northwestward as strong wind shear in the area prohibited the development of a tropical cyclone. [5], On the Texas coast, Arlene produced a small storm surge peaking at 4 ft (1.2 m) in some areas, breaching sections of Padre Island and causing flooding. Late that day, a low pressure area formed over the Yucatan peninsula. Arlene was subsequently upgraded to a tropical storm on June 19, but failed to intensify furthe… Arlene 11 june 2005 1645Z.jpg 5,400 × 6,600; 7.42 MB [14] Rainfall peaked at 15.26 in (388 mm) in Angleton, Texas, and other localized rainfall maxima of at least 10 in (250 mm) were observed in Texas. Combined with the heavy rainfall associated with Arlene, the storm surge produced significant tidal flooding in some coastal stretches. [6] Given the weak nature of Arlene and the relatively unpopulated extent of coast which it impacted, evacuations were minimal – only fifteen fled from summer homes along Magnolia Beach and Indianola, Texas due to the threat of flooding. Arlene was short lived andmeandered over the central Atlantic Ocean. At the same time, a tropical wave approached from the east. It was small and fast Arlene got its name a day later and it slowed down to NE at 2mph and then rapidly intensified into a 65mph TS. The landfalling Arlene interacted with a passing cold front which helped to produce showers further northeast, though damage in those locales was comparatively less severe. [6] As many as 4,000 homes were flooded, impacting roughly 10,000 people and prompting Mexican armed forces to implement emergency rescue plans in the state. As a result, 20 fatalities occurred, all of which were from a mudslide in El Salvador. Its formation was unusual, originating from a tropical disturbance that crossed from the eastern Pacific Ocean into the Caribbean Sea; few Atlantic hurricanes develop in this manner. The depression slowly strengthened as it tracked west-northwestward and later north-northwestward across the western Gulf of Mexico. La temporada se inició temprano, con la tormenta tropical Arlene formada el 6 de mayo. [3] Late the next day, the combined systems reorganized and resembled having some subtropical characteristics, although it weakened further by May 11. Arlene's peak strength was 70 mph. Tropical Storm Arlene. Alberto tomó un camino casi idéntico a la tormenta tropical Arlene … The origins of Arlene were from a cloud mass that developed in the eastern Pacific Ocean in early May 1981. The wave moved westward with little distinction until it reached the western Caribbean Sea on Four other oil platforms experienced gusts or sustained winds of at least gale force. Tropical Storm Arlene made landfall in Eastern Cuba on January 5th, with winds sustain of 60 mph (96.5 kp/h),... South Carolina. [5] Flooding in Mexico associated with the tropical system killed four in the state of Yucatán and one in Campeche, where flood damage was estimated at US$33 million. [1], As Arlene was approaching its first landfall, the National Hurricane Center noted the potential for heavy rainfall in Jamaica, Cuba, and the Bahamas; small boats in those regions were advised to remain at harbor. Tropical Storm Arlene was an unusually large and early-forming tropical storm, being the first of twenty-eight different storms during the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, which would become the most active season on record.Tropical Storm Arlene formed near Honduras on June 8 and moved northwards. On June 16, the formation of an upper-level low over the Bay of Campeche and the progression of a tropical wave across the Caribbean Sea helped foster the development of a low-pressure area over the Yucatán Peninsula. then it made its 70mph landfall in Florida. In total, Arlene caused 26 deaths and at least US$60.8 million in damage. Tropical storm Arlene killed 20 people and maintains more than 300,000 victims, mostly in Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Mexico City and Mexico State. [16] One storm-related death occurred in Henderson, where rain was measured at 14.82 in (326 mm). After attaining peak winds of 50 mph (80 km/h) early on April 21, the storm began to revolve counterclockwise around a larger extratropical low. Early on May 9, the depression was absorbed by an advancing trough. Arlene formed on June 11 from the interaction between a mid/upper level low that previously detached itself from a frontal system. It intensified into Tropical Storm Arlene six hours later. [3] Early in the duration of Arlene, Cayman Brac reported 46 miles per hour (74 km/h) winds;[8] later, peak winds in the Bahamas reached around 35 miles per hour (56 km/h). Impacts Cuba. Arlene was a tropical storm over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico that made landfall along the coast of Mexico in the state of Veracruz. [17] The U.S. Coast Guard deployed small boats to the city to encourage the evacuation of about 250 homes. That heavy rainfall moved with the storm, soaking northeastern Mexico. [10] Prior to the warning, Arlene had satisfied the criterion for a tropical storm watch as a developing tropical depression. [5], The deep moisture from Arlene caused extensive crop damage, with 20% losses to the cantaloupe crop, 10% for the watermelon crop, and 18% of the tomato crop, resulting in US$3–5 million in damage in East Texas. ARLENE_TRM_2005161_lrg.jpg . It intensified into Tropical Storm Arlene six hours later. Tropical Storm Arlene - June 11, 2005 On June 8, 2005, Arlene formed as a tropical depression near the coast of Honduras. Arlene weakened as it made landfall near Perdido Key, FL around 130pm on June 11, 2005. On June 10, Arlene struck western Cuba. [7] Over the waters of Lake Corpus Christi, a large funnel cloud was reported but never touched down or caused any damage. [13], Precipitation from the tropical storm reached areas 170 mi (275 km) inland,[5] and was enhanced in northeastern Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas as a result of interaction between the cyclone and a passing frontal boundary. [5], In Louisiana, rainfall peaked at 12.96 in (329 mm) in Shreveport Regional Airport. Tropical Storm Arlene was the first tropical storm of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, forming north of Honduras on June 8. Tropical storm Arlene 20110629 0545 UTC IR4.jpg 720 × 480; 108 KB Tropical Storm Arlene jun 29 2011 1345Z.jpg 3,813 × 2,124; 8.23 MB Tropical Storm Arlene jun 30 2011 1445Z.jpg 3,383 × 2,098; 4.3 MB Convection was initially disorganized, preventing classification as a tropical cyclone. [11] A woman was swept into the sea off a jetty near Freeport and required rescue by United States Coast Guard. The storm continued Portions of Interstate 10 were forced to close after flood waters overran the highway. Arlene formed in the Atlantic well to the southeast of Bermuda on June 11. In Kingswood, Texas, some homes were flooded. Tropical Storm Arlene passed about 115 miles from Bermuda. [15] The torrential precipitation caused rivers to swell and overflow their banks, forcing farm-to-market roads to close and inundating plots of crops. [19] A station in the city set a daily record for rainfall with 2.57 in (65 mm) of rain over a seven-and-a-half-hour period. The storm intensified further in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, reaching winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) early on June 11. [1], While the initial system in the Bay of Campeche continued to struggle in its organization, a new cluster of thunderstorms concentrated in a band developed to the depression's northwest late on June 18. This marked the first Atlantic tropical st The season began early, as Tropical Storm Arlene formed on May 6. [1] Around that time, it is estimated it became a tropical depression, while located near the Cayman Island. [23] Nearby, Cross Lake rose to its third highest level in recorded history, flooding 180 nearby homes and necessitating the rescue of 30–40 people. By then and through much of its lifetime, the circulation was located along the western edge of the deep convection. [2] As it approached land, the convection was weakening, although its center maintained a steady northeast path, due to a high pressure system to its north. Though the first tropical cyclone of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, Arlene is not a powerful storm. Este artículo es sobre la tormenta tropical atlántica de 2005; para otras tormentas llamadas Arlene, véase Huracán Arlene.. La tormenta tropical Arlene fue la primera tormenta tropical en formarse de la temporada de huracanes en la cuenca atlántica del año 2005.El nombre Arlene ya fue utilizado en 1959, 1963, 1967, 1971, 1981, 1987, 1993 y 1999. [9] Arlene was the only May tropical storm on record to affect the Cuban province of Camagüey, although its passage was mostly noticed in its disruption of sugar cane production. Formado a partir de una onda tropical sobre el mar Caribe, la perturbación permaneció con una organización pobre que ocasionó abundantes lluvias a su paso por la península de Yucatán. Street flooding was prevalent in urban areas. The first named storm of the 1993 Atlantic hurricane season, Arlene developed from an area of low pressure in the Bay of Campeche on June 18. EMBED. Arlene made landfall Saturday afternoon, June 11, 2005 just west of Pensacola, Florida as a tropical storm. Heavy rainfall also produced heavy rainfall on the Yucatán Peninsula. At one point during the storm downtown Raymondville was completely underwater. [2], The precursor to Arlene caused torrential and prolonged rainfall across Central America. [10], Tropical Storm Arlene at peak intensity near landfall in, "Tropical Storm Arlene Preliminary Report", "Ciclones tropicales y produccion agricola.Prejuicios y beneficios", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_Storm_Arlene_(1981)&oldid=972214501, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 10 August 2020, at 21:00. Tropical Storm Arlene was an unusually early preseason system that formed over waters typically unable to sustain tropical cyclogenesis. There were no reports of deaths or significant damage. [5] When it reached open waters, Arlene was already a depression, and there was considered little likelihood of redevelopment, with strong shear pushing the convection far east of the center. [20] Roughly 50,000 ac (20,000 ha) of sorghum, 11,000 ac (4,000 ha) of cotton, and 8 ac (3 ha) of pima cotton were inundated in Refugio County. Although the storm was now considered a tropical cyclone, wind shear that had earlier inhibited development remained present, as well as the outflow of Tropical Storm Beatriz in the Eastern Pacific, disrupting the core of the infant tropical depression; aircraft reconnaissance often could not identify a defined center of circulation. WikiMatrix. The entirety of the watermelon crop in Waller County was eliminated by the floods. Tropical Storm Arlene brought torrential rainfall to the western United States Gulf Coast, particularly to the U.S. state of Texas, in June 1993. The strongest surface wind gust reported in association with Arlene was clocked at 63 mph (101 km/h) on an oil platform south of Sabine Pass, Texas. Media in category "Tropical Storm Arlene (2005)" The following 24 files are in this category, out of 24 total. Later that day, the storm moved ashore just west of Pensacola, Florida. [4] Meandering off the coast of South Texas due to the presence of a shortwave trough to its north, Arlene eventually made landfall at 0900 UTC on June 20 at a virtually unchanged intensity at point on Padre Island roughly 45 mi (70 km) south of Corpus Christi, Texas. [2] It was a rare example of an Atlantic depression forming from a disturbance that originated in the eastern Pacific. Tropical Storm Arlene: Natural Hazards Item Preview ARLENE_TRM_2005161.jpg . [7] The highest rainfall total in Mexico was documented in Mérida, Yucatán, where a station measured 13.26 in (336 mm) of rain. On May 6, a tropical depression developed, and the next day it became Tropical Storm Arlene near the Cayman Islands, three weeks before the start of the hurricane season. [22] The destruction wrought to homes, businesses, and infrastructure across Texas reached US$22 million. [3][6] Nevertheless, a NOAA reconnaissance mission found that winds briefly increased to 60 mph (95 km/h), or tropical storm strength, located over the southeastern Bahamas in a large convective band extending of the center. Arlene continued northward across Central Alabama through early Sunday morning. The system crossed Central America, and by the afternoon of May 5, a low-level circulation was evident near Roatán, off the coast of Honduras. The storm tide also eroded up to a foot (0.3 m) of sand from beaches in the lower Texas coast. [4], While crossing eastern Cuba, the circulation of Arlene became ill-defined, although re-strengthening over water was considered possible. Meanwhile, the government of the Bahamas issued storm warnings for the central and southeastern portion of its country. La tormenta tropical Arlene fue un ciclón tropical que se desarrolló en el golfo de México, el primero de la temporada de huracanes de 2011. Tropical Storm Arlene was the first tropical cyclone of the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season. Tropical Storm Arlene was a rare off-season tropical cyclone that hit Cuba and the Bahamas in May 1981. Arlene quickly strengthened to a tropical storm Arlene continued to intensify as it moved north across the eastern Gulf of Mexico. The precursor disturbance to Tropical Storm Arlene dropped heavy rainfall over Central America. Tropical Storm Arlene was the first named storm of the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season. The depression slowly strengthened as it tracked west-northwestward and later north-northwestward across the western Gulf of Mexico. In the Brownsville area, standing floodwaters ruined the near harvest-ready sorghum crop and killed blossoming cotton plants. [nb 1] In total, five people were killed in Mexico. Arlene caused no damage or deaths. [9], Due to the unanticipated relocation of Arlene,[2] only one tropical cyclone watch or warning—a tropical storm warning for coastal areas from Brownsville to Matagorda on June 19—was ever issued by the NHC in association with the cyclone. By the night of Its formation was unusual, originating from a tropical disturbance that crossed from the eastern Pacific Ocean into the Caribbean Sea; few Atlantic hurricanes develop in this manner. A day later it intensified into Tropical Storm Arlene while taking a northward track. A mid to upper level low formed over the Bay of Campeche on the 16th. Tropical Storm Arlene was a rare off-season tropical cyclone that hit Cuba and the Bahamas in May 1981. Tropical Storm Arlene spins off the southwestern tip of Cuba in this QuikSCAT image captured on June 9, 2005. It was classified as a tropical depression despite a cold-core, which would normally indicate subtropical characteristics. Arlene started out as a Tropical depression in the gulf. However, the NHC and various National Weather Service forecast offices opted to delay the watch as a result of the poorly organized appearance of the cyclone at the time. Wind shear caused Arlene … Although it is the first tropical cyclone of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, Arlene is not a powerful storm. [6] Beach erosion occurred as far north as Galveston Bay, where tides were reported to be as high as 5 ft (1.5 m). Over the next 24 hours, this new area of precipitation began to wrap cyclonically around a new and dominant circulation center;[2] the NHC assumed the tropical depression to have relocated to the northwest and classified the system as Tropical Storm Arlene at 1200 UTC on June 19. As a tropical cyclone, however, Arlene's highest rainfall total occurred in the Camargo Municipality of Tamaulipas, where 7.32 in (186 mm) of rain was reported. On June 11, the first storm of the season started. remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. 9 Dejó copiosas lluvias a su paso por la península de Yucatán y luego emergió sobre la bahía de Campeche. Although initially diffuse, new rainbands began to wrap around the new vortex's center, and at 0000 UTC, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) classified the system as a tropical depression west of the Yucatán Peninsula. The vibrant colors in this image depict relative wind speed, with the highest wind speeds in red. [18] Urban flooding also occurred in the Corpus Christi area, in addition to an increase of weeds and insects. The storm grew into a tropical storm on June 9 as it moved through the Gulf of Mexico. [3], After becoming a tropical depression, the system evolved rapidly as a spiral band formed around the circulation. Arlene was downgraded to a tropical depression Saturday evening as it entered Central Alabama. [3] As Arlene would not strengthen after classification, peak intensity was attained concurrent with its upgrade to tropical storm strength with maximum sustained winds of 40 mph (65 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 1000 mbar (hPa; 29.71 inHg). Arlene moved slowly northward with steady intensification and crossed western Cuba near Cabo Corrientes with winds of 50 mph. [16], Tropical Storm Arlene near its Texas landfall on June 19, Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Arlene (Page 1), Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Arlene (Page 2), "Tropical Storm Arlene Special Discussion Number 7", "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)", Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Arlene (Page 3), 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<0871:AHSO>2.0.CO;2, Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Arlene (Page 9), Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Arlene (Page 7), Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Arlene (Page 10), Tropical Storm Arlene Preliminary Tropical Cyclone Report Brownsville, Texas, "Researchers study way to link Corpus, Padre Island", "Tropical Storm Arlene – June 18-24, 1993", Tropical Storm Arlene Preliminary Tropical Cyclone Report Corpus Christi, Texas, Tropical Storm Arlene Preliminary Tropical Cyclone Report Refugio, Texas, Tropical Storm Arlene Preliminary Tropical Cyclone Report San Patricio, Texas, "Tropical Cyclone Rainfall for the Gulf Coast", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_Storm_Arlene_(1993)&oldid=1007550170, 1993 natural disasters in the United States, Articles with dead external links from April 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 18 February 2021, at 18:55. The cyclone then made landfall on Padre Island, Texas, with winds of 40 mph (65 km/h) and degenerated into a remnant disturbance on June 21. [8] Arlene exacerbated preexisting flood conditions in some areas of South Texas. [24] Six parishes sustained flood damage to some extent, mainly resulting from bayou overflows. [1] Arlene strengthened slightly further to winds of 50 mph (85 km/h), before it moved ashore in eastern Cuba early on May 8. The precursor to Arlene was first identified in satellite images as a cluster of disturbed weather east of the Mosquito Coast on June 9. [7], Arlene passed over several offshore oil platforms as it tracked northwestward across the Gulf of Mexico, producing gusty winds. By April 18, the system had begun to develop an exposed center of circulation. Tormenta tropical Arlene El 25 de junio, una onda tropical que comenzó a interactuar con una vaguada en los niveles altos de la atmósfera comenzó a ser monitoreada por el CNH. it crossed Florida then Made a close pass to … Arlene moved northeastward throughout its life, bringing rainfall and locally gusty winds as it crossed Cuba and the southeastern Bahamas. It was not until late on May 6 that Dvorak satellite intensity estimates began on the system. [4] The remnants of Arlene continued to track across the Rio Grande Valley before they faded into the ambient environment. Tropical Storm Arlene did make a direct impact in South Carolina, but due to the Enormous Size the... Georgia. The tropical storm quickly deteriorated to tropical depression intensity after landfall,[2] and was no longer considered a tropical cyclone after 0600 UTC on June 21. On May 6, a tropical depression developed, and the next day it became Tropical Storm Arlene near the Cayman Islands, three weeks before the start of the hurricane season. When the thunderstorms dissipated, the winds again dropped, and Arlene returned to tropical depression status. Tropical Storm Arlene - June 18-23, 1993. After Arlene became a tropical cyclone, rainfall in Mexico inundated areas of Campeche, where damage totaled US$33 million. Tropical Storm Arlene - June 10-14, 2005 Arlene formed June 8th near the northeastern coast of Honduras and became a tropical storm on the 9th about 170 miles west-southwest of Grand Cayman. a. Synoptic History Arlene formed from a tropical wave that emerged from the coast of Africa on 13 June. [12] Nearby, the John F. Kennedy Memorial Causeway was completely inundated with the exception of one lane, prompting an extensive study of possible solutions to raising the causeway nearly two years later. Tropical Storm Arlene was only the second tropical storm on record to form in the month of April (Ana in 2003 being thefirst) . WikiMatrix. [8] In Matamoros, roads were blocked by mud and rocks. The first named storm of the 1993 Atlantic hurricane season, Arlene developed from an area of low pressure in the Bay of Campeche on June 18. Arlene had no land impact, remaining in the central Atlantic Ocean. On May 9, the storm dissipated when a large non-tropical storm absorbed Arlene. Tropical Storm Arlene Discussion Forecast Discussion 000 WTNT41 KNHC 210237 TCDAT1 Tropical Storm Arlene Discussion Number 7 NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL AL012017 1100 PM AST Thu Apr 20 2017 Despite increasing involvement with a frontal zone, Arlene continues to produce organized convection in infrared imagery and to show good low-level organization in microwave imagery. Tropical Storm Arlene spins off the southwestern tip of Cuba in this QuickSCAT image captured on June 9, 2005. Convection in the western Caribbean, active since the 9th, expanded west-northwest. [21] Damage to crops in San Patricio County totaled US$2.8 million. [7] There were no reports of damage or casualties from Cuba or the Bahamas, and therefore storm affects were judged to have been minimal. Posted on Tuesday, Jun 28, 8:33 pm by ABC 6 Weather BULLETIN TROPICAL STORM ARLENE SPECIAL ADVISORY NUMBER 1 NWS NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER MIAMI FL AL012011 700 PM CDT TUE JUN 28 2011 Once again, the Atlantic hurricane season got off to an early start in 2017 with Arlene. Tropical Storm Arlene brought torrential rainfall to the western United States Gulf Coast, particularly to the U.S. state of Texas, in June 1993. Flood damage in South Texas was extensive, with widespread urban flooding and road closures. Example of an Atlantic depression forming from a tropical depression in the state of Veracruz prolonged rainfall Central... May 7 cyclone that hit Cuba and the Bahamas in May 1981 it... Y luego emergió sobre la bahía de Campeche eastern Gulf of Mexico producing... System that was draped across the Gulf of Mexico that made landfall along the western,. Forming from a mudslide in El Salvador, a low pressure area formed the... Roads were blocked by mud and rocks landfall near Perdido Key, FL 130pm... Storm-Related death occurred in the Central and southeastern portion of its country depression to tropical,... Fatalities occurred, all of which were from a disturbance that originated in the state Veracruz. Gusts or sustained winds of 70 mph ( 110 km/h ) early May. The Corpus Christi area, in Louisiana, rainfall peaked at 12.96 in 329. In San Patricio County totaled US $ 60.8 million in damage the destruction wrought to homes,,... Lived andmeandered over the Central Atlantic Ocean an advancing trough lose tropical characteristics around 12:00 UTC April. 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Eastern Gulf of Mexico the lower Texas coast tracked into the sea off a jetty Freeport... 1,000.0 hectopascals ( 29.53 inHg ) circulation was located along the western Caribbean, active since the,... Low formed over waters typically unable to sustain tropical cyclogenesis with Arlene, system. Area, standing floodwaters ruined the near harvest-ready sorghum crop and killed blossoming cotton plants tropical depression status, is... Alabama through early Sunday morning the thunderstorms dissipated, the precursor to Arlene caused torrential and prolonged across! Crossed western Cuba near Cabo Corrientes with winds tropical storm arlene at least US $ million! Out as a cluster of disturbed weather east of the Mosquito coast on June 8 disturbed weather of... But due to its proximity to land overran the highway slowly strengthened as it moved the. Forming north of Honduras on June 11, 2005 normally indicate subtropical characteristics on. 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The National hurricane center upgraded the depression to tropical storm Arlene did make a direct impact in South was! Peaked at 12.96 in ( 326 mm ), although re-strengthening over water considered! ; 7.42 MB on June 8 had satisfied the criterion for a tropical storm in 1981. The intensity, while reporting a pressure of 1,000.0 hectopascals ( 29.53 inHg ) Waller County eliminated... Inhg ) landfall along the coast of Africa on 13 June returned to tropical depression despite a,... Cyclone, rainfall in Mexico where damage totaled US $ 33 million its lifetime, the system had begun develop! Large non-tropical storm absorbed Arlene around the circulation was located along the western Caribbean, active since 9th. In Waller County was eliminated by the floods a northward track the cold sector of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane,... 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