The name in Italian is pronounced with the stress on the first syllable /ˈmɛ .di.tʃi/ and not on the second vowel. The Medici became leaders of Christendom through their two famous 16th century popes, Leo X and Clement VII. Cosimo the Elder's notable artistic associates were Donatello and Fra Angelico. After securing Alessandro de' Medici's dukedom, Pope Clement VII married off his first cousin, twice removed, Catherine de' Medici, to the son of Emperor Charles V's arch-enemy, King Francis I of France – the future King Henry II. They were also protagonists of the counter-reformation, from the beginning of the reformation through the Council of Trent and the French wars of religion. Anna Maria Luisa signed the Patto di Famiglia ("family pact") on 31 October 1737. Austria and Spain were ruled by the House of Habsburg; the two are interchangeable terms for the Habsburg domains in the time period in question. Her very affectionate father, Lorenzo il Magnifico de' Medici, wrote the following letter to her, when she was 10 years old: "Dear little Contessina, I am writing to tell you that, thank God, I am very well … [35] The war effort was costly and the treasury so empty because of it that when the Castro mercenaries were paid for, the state could no longer afford to pay interest on government bonds, with the result that the interest rate was lowered by 0.75%. She died shortly after birth. Gian Gastone despised the electress for engineering his catastrophic marriage to Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg; while she abhorred her brother's liberal policies, he repealed all of his father's anti-Semitic statutes. Pius II granted the Medici family a monopoly on the mining there, making them the primary producers of alum in Europe.[21]. 189-190), Lorenzo "il Magnifico" de' Medici (1449-1492), Clarice Orsini (1453-1488), daughter of Jacopo Orsini of Monterotondo, Piero Ridolfi († 1525); marriage in the year 1493, Wer ist Mona Lisa? The conspirators approached Sixtus IV in the hopes of gaining his approval, as he and the Medici had a long rivalry themselves, but the pope gave no official sanction to the plan. That shield was red strewn with Byzantine coins (bezants). [33] In 1657, Leopoldo de' Medici, the Grand Duke's youngest brother, established the Accademia del Cimento, organized to attract scientists to Florence from all over Tuscany for mutual study. Brother of Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici, third son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Before the Medici, the Turks were the only exporters of alum, so Europe was forced to buy from them until the discovery in Tolfa. Another outstanding figure of the 16th-century Medici family was Cosimo I, who rose from relatively modest beginnings in the Mugello to attain supremacy over the whole of Tuscany. [39] Cosimo frequently paid the Holy Roman Emperor, his nominal feudal overlord, exorbitant dues,[40] and he sent munitions to the emperor during the Battle of Vienna. Louis repudiated her pro-Habsburg policy in 1617. Scholey played Contessina de Medici in the television series, Medici: Masters of Florence with Dustin … [34], Tuscany participated in the Wars of Castro (the last time Medicean Tuscany proper was involved in a conflict) and inflicted a defeat on the forces of Pope Urban VIII in 1643. Spedaletto, July 31st, 1489." [20], The Pazzi conspiracy of 1478 was an attempt to depose the Medici family by killing Lorenzo with his younger brother Giuliano during Easter services; the assassination attempt ended with the death of Giuliano and an injured Lorenzo. [44] On 25 October, 1731, a Spanish detachment occupied Florence on behalf of Don Carlos, who disembarked in Tuscany in December of the same year. Cosimo in turn patronized Vasari, who erected the Uffizi Gallery in 1560 and founded the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno – ("Academy of the Arts of Drawing") in 1563. From this base, they acquired political power initially in Florence and later in wider Italy and Europe. Cousin of Cardinal Giulio de' Medici, illegitimate son of Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours. Duchess Violante of Bavaria, Gian Gastone's sister-in-law, tried to withdraw the grand duke from the sphere of influence of the Ruspanti by organising banquets. [23] To strengthen the new Franco-Tuscan alliance, he married his niece, Marie, to Henry IV of France. Some examples of these families include the Bardi, Altoviti, Ridolfi, Cavalcanti and the Tornabuoni. Their support was critical, since artists generally only began work on their projects after they had received commissions. To ensure the continuance of his family's success, Lorenzo planned his children's future careers for them. Galileo's patronage was eventually abandoned by Ferdinando II, when the Inquisition accused Galileo of heresy. [2][3][4] Also known as Lorenzo the Magnificent by contemporary Florentines, he was a magnate, diplomat, politician and patron of scholars, artists, and poets. The Medici ruled the Grand Duchy from its inception until 1737, with the death of Gian Gastone de' Medici. After Lorenzo's death, the puritanical Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola rose to prominence, warning Florentines against excessive luxury. [11] The city's numerous luxurious palazzi were becoming surrounded by townhouses built by the prospering merchant class.[12]. Ferdinando also sponsored a Tuscan expedition to the New World with the intention of establishing a Tuscan colony, an enterprise that brought no result for permanent colonial acquisitions. About 1415, Cosimo married Contessina de' Bardi (the daughter of Alessandro di Sozzo Bardi, count of Vernio, and Camilla Pannocchieschi). The Medicis' wealth and influence was initially derived from the textile trade guided by the wool guild of Florence, the Arte della Lana. Lorenzo de' Medici (Italian pronunciation: [loˈrɛntso de ˈmɛːditʃi], 1 Januar 1449 – 8 Aprile 1492) wis an Italian statesman an de facto ruler o the Florentine Republic, wha wis ane o the maist pouerfu an enthusiastic patrons o the Renaissance. [17], Piero de' Medici (1416–1469), Cosimo's son, was only in power for five years (1464–1469). Members of the family rose to some prominence in the early 14th century in the wool trade, especially with France and Spain. Cosimo and Lorenzo rarely held official posts but were the unquestioned leaders. Medici (mĕ`dĭchē, Ital. [18], Lorenzo de' Medici (1449–1492), called "the Magnificent", was more capable of leading and ruling a city, but he neglected the family banking business, which led to its ultimate ruin. From the time of Clement's election as pope in 1523 until the sack of Rome, Florence was governed by the young Ippolito de' Medici (future cardinal and vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church), Alessandro de' Medici (future duke of Florence), and their guardians. Father of, Cousin of Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, son of. The electress donated much of her fortune to charity: £4,000 a month. [46] In January 1737, the Spanish troops withdrew from Tuscany, and were replaced by Austrians. Despite the presence of some Medici in the city's government institutions, they were still far less notable than other outstanding families such as the Albizzi or the Strozzi. In 1536, Alessandro de' Medici married Charles V's daughter, Margaret of Austria; however, the following year he was assassinated by a resentful cousin, Lorenzino de' Medici. Overthrown when. The table below shows the origins of the Medici: This extract shows the branch that gave rise to the celebrated branch of the Medici descending from Giovanni "di Bicci", who founded the Medici fortunes: This is the branch of Cosimo's brother, Lorenzo, called the "Popolano" Branch, which gave rise to the Grand-Dukes of Tuscany: The origin of the Medici coat of arms is not recorded. [29] Cosimo died of consumption (tuberculosis) in 1621. He is most remembered as the patron of astronomer Galileo Galilei, whose 1610 treatise, Sidereus Nuncius, was dedicated to him. – Identifizierung einer Unbekannten mit Hilfe historischer Quellen, als Buch bei amazon.de: 172 Seiten, mit Stammtafeln und 136 Bildern (130 Bilder in Farbe), Independently published, 1. But in 1298, one of the leading banking families of Europe, the Bonsignoris, went bankrupt, and the city of Siena lost its status as the banking center of Italy to Florence. She married Lorenzo de' Medici (1449-1492) 7 February 1469 JL . But … A daughter, Contessina Beatrice de Medici was born to Lorenzo and Clarice Orsini in Florence. Both also served as de facto political rulers of Rome, Florence, and large swaths of Italy known as the Papal States. [32] Harold Acton, an Anglo-Italian historian, ascribed the decline of Tuscany to the Turtici regency. For most of the 13th century, the leading banking center in Italy was Siena. Tuscany became a province of the United Kingdom of Italy in 1861. [26] Francesco and Ferdinando, due to lax distinction between Medici and Tuscan state property, are thought to have been wealthier than their ancestor, Cosimo de' Medici, the founder of the dynasty. The restoration of the republic would entail resigning Siena to the Holy Roman Empire, but, regardless, it was vehemently endorsed by his government. The following year, on 23 May 1498, Savonarola and two young supporters were burned at the stake in the Piazza della Signoria, the same location as his bonfire. Genealogy profile for Contessina Antonia Romola de' Medici. Only Great Britain and the Dutch Republic gave any credence to it, and the plan ultimately died with Cosimo III in 1723.[42]. (in: Lacy Collison-Morley: The early Medici. She was the wife o Lorenzo de' Medici an mither o Pape Leo X. In 1626, they banned any Tuscan subject from being educated outside the Grand Duchy, a law later overturned, but resurrected by Maria Maddalena's grandson, Cosimo III. London 1935, pp. Acting, Distant cousin of Alessandro de' Medici, Son of. [10] Until the late 14th century, the leading family of Florence was the House of Albizzi. These regular baths are doing me a lot of good ... Be nice to Alfonsina [the wife of Contessina's eldest brother Piero] and keep her company; tell her from me to take great care of the baby [Cosimo], I hear that Monsignore [Contessina's brother Giovanni] and the other children have gone away. Noble family: Orsini (by birth) Medici (by marriage) Father: Jacopo Orsini, Lord of Monterotondo and Bracciano: Mother: Maddalena Orsini: Born: 1450 Monterotondo, Papal States: Died: Ultimately, it reached its zenith in the papacy and continued to flourish for centuries afterward as Dukes of Florence and Tuscany. The conspiracy involved the Pazzi and Salviati families, both rival banking families seeking to end the influence of the Medici, as well as the priest presiding over the church services, the Archbishop of Pisa, and even Pope Sixtus IV to a degree. 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