Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. She was born on August 15, 1950, when QE II … By her death in 1603, ...read more, A well-groomed, staid British family sit around the breakfast table. Marten, afterward provost of Eton College, and had instruction from visiting teachers in music and languages. Elizabeth was born into royalty as the daughter of the second son of King George V. After her uncle Edward VIII abdicated in 1936 (subsequently becoming duke of Windsor), her father became King George VI, and she became heir presumptive. In 1957, after state visits to various European nations, she and the duke visited Canada and the United States. Royal family portrait, August 22, 1951. They took residence at Clarence House in London. In May 2018, Prince Harry wed the American actress Meghan Markle, a biracial divorcée whose embrace by the royal family indicated just how modern it had become during Elizabeth’s long reign. Elizabeth was grounded in history by C.H.K. Queen Elizabeth II Could 'Step Down' next Year for Prince Charles, Experts Claim Jack Royston 11/2/2020. But in the summer, after she had moved from Clarence House to Buckingham Palace, she undertook the routine duties of the sovereign and carried out her first state opening of Parliament on November 4, 1952. In line with her earlier attempts at modernizing the monarchy, the queen subsequently sought to present a less-stuffy and less-traditional image of the monarchy. Her formal coronation as Queen Elizabeth II took place on June 2, 1953, in Westminster Abbey. When she married Prince Charles in 1981, Lady Diana Spencer became the first ...read more, Queen Elizabeth II is such an institution that it’s easy to forget she wasn’t supposed to have become queen at all. At the time, her personal fortune was estimated at $11.7 billion. READ MORE: Queen Elizabeth II: 13 Key Moments in Her Reign. Also in May, Elizabeth made a historic trip to Ireland, becoming both the first British monarch to visit the Irish republic and the first to set foot in Ireland since 1911. During a royal tour of Australia and New Zealand with Philip … Queen Elizabeth II – Fast Facts, CNN. Princess Anne is in the baby carriage. After her father died in 1952, Eliz… Extremely popular for nearly all of her long reign, the queen is known for taking a serious interest in government and political affairs, apart from her ceremonial duties, and is credited with modernizing many aspects of the monarchy. The Queen’s reign has been punctuated by an unprecedented series of milestones. All these children have the surname “of Windsor,” but in 1960 Elizabeth decided to create the hyphenated name Mountbatten-Windsor for other descendants not styled prince or princess and royal highness. Elizabeth married her distant cousin Philip Mountbatten and had four children: Prince Charles (heir apparent), Princess Anne, Prince Andrew, and Prince Edward. In 2019, the couple had a son, Archie Mountbatten-Windsor. In her seventh decade on the throne, Queen Elizabeth presided over the pomp and circumstance of another royal wedding at Westminster Abbey, that of Prince William to Catherine Middleton in April 2011. On September 9, 2015, she surpassed Victoria’s record reign of 63 years and 216 days. Queen Elizabeth II gave the traditional annual Maundy Gift to recipients by mail this year, along with a sweet and endearing note. In 2015 she surpassed Victoria to become the longest-reigning monarch in British history. Here, we take a closer look at the woman at the center of it all, Queen Elizabeth II. At the center of it all is the queen herself, who celebrated her own 90th birthday in 2016 but shows few signs of slowing down. A consistent presence by his wife’s side and one of Britain’s busiest royals for much of her reign, Prince Philip stepped down from his royal duties in 2017, at the age of 96. Beginning in November 1953 the queen and the duke of Edinburgh made a six-month round-the-world tour of the Commonwealth, which included the first visit to Australia and New Zealand by a reigning British monarch. Britain's Queen Elizabeth II, accompanied by her husband, Prince Philip, waving to well-wishers as she rides to St. Paul's Cathedral for a service celebrating her Golden Jubilee in 2002. The first three months of her reign, the period of full mourning for her father, were passed in comparative seclusion. The separation and later divorce (1996) of Charles and the immensely popular Diana further eroded support for the royal family, which was viewed by some as antiquated and unfeeling. As queen, she has kept many thoroughbred racehorses and frequently attended racing and breeding events. Educated by private tutors, with an emphasis on British history and law, the princess also studied music and learned to speak fluent French. Her tragic death the following year triggered a tremendous outpouring of shock and grief, as well as outrage at the royal family for what the public saw as its ill treatment of the “People’s Princess.”. London (CNN) Britain's Queen Elizabeth II has been pictured riding on horseback in Windsor, west of London, in her first public appearance since the coronavirus lockdown began in the UK. Elizabeth and Margaret spent much of World War II living apart from their parents in the Royal Lodge at Windsor Castle, a medieval fortress outside London. In the 1990s, however, the royal family faced a number of challenges. The queen seemed increasingly aware of the modern role of the monarchy, allowing, for example, the televising of the royal family’s domestic life in 1970 and condoning the formal dissolution of her sister’s marriage in 1978. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. She trained as a Girl Guide (the British equivalent of the Girl Scouts) and developed a lifelong passion for horses. Her extensive family includes several grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Family first. On May 6, 2019, Meghan gave birth to a ...read more. On the accession of Queen Elizabeth, her son Prince Charles became heir apparent; he was named prince of Wales on July 26, 1958, and was so invested on July 1, 1969. She continues to follow much the same schedule as she has for the entirety of her reign, including official work, public appearances and plenty of time outside with her beloved dogs and horses. Early in 1947 Princess Elizabeth went with the king and queen to South Africa. From tabloid coverage of Princess Margaret’s affair to Prince Charles’s affair with Camilla Parker Bowles, the royal family entered the spotlight like never before. Princess Elizabeth was just a pre-teen when she met the dashing 18-year-old Philip Mountbatten, who was then a cadet in… Moreover, Anne divorced, and a fire gutted the royal residence of Windsor Castle. The queen’s popularity, and that of the entire royal family, rebounded during the first decade of the 21st century. (From left) Prince Charles, Queen Elizabeth, Princess Margaret, the duke of Edinburgh, King George VI, and Princess Elizabeth. Queen Elizabeth II at the State Opening of Parliament in 2014. She had set her sights on him when she was only 13, and their relationship developed through visits and correspondence during the war. Queen Elizabeth II's Most Glamorous Jewels and Tiaras. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Elizabeth II, in full Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, officially Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of her other realms and territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith, (born April 21, 1926, London, England), queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from February 6, 1952. After her return there was an announcement of her betrothal to her distant cousin Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten of the Royal Navy, formerly Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark. She was the last of the House of Hanover and gave her name to an era, the Victorian Age. Queen Elizabeth II penned a heartfelt letter to this year’s Maundy Gift recipients after the mass in their honor was canceled amid … Political historian and Blair biographer. Queen Elizabeth is carrying on a pre-Easter tradition — despite some changes due to the coronavirus pandemic. In 1992, Elizabeth’s 40th year on the throne and her family’s “Annus Horribilis” (according to a speech she gave that November) both Charles and Diana and Prince Andrew and his wife, Sarah Ferguson, separated, while Princess Anne and her husband, Mark Phillips, divorced. The surname Windsor proudly retained by Queen Elizabeth II was first assumed by the British royals during World War I. In a high-pitched voice, the mother tells a funny story about her great-great grandmother, while everyone ...read more, Five months after Prince Harry and Meghan Markle, the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, married at Windsor Castle, royal watchers around the world were thrilled with the announcement that the couple was expecting a child in the spring of 2019. As the child of a younger son of King George V, the young Elizabeth had little prospect of acceding to the throne until her uncle, Edward VIII (afterward duke of Windsor), abdicated in her father’s favour on December 11, 1936, at which time her father became King George VI and she became heir presumptive. Since 9 September 2015, Elizabeth II has ruled longer than any other king or queen in the history of the United Kingdom. The patron of hundreds of charities, Elizabeth II believes that giving … READ MORE: How Prince Charles and Lady Diana's Wedding Became a Global Phenomenon. Born in 1926, Elizabeth was the daughter of King George V’s second son, and had little expectation of succeeding to the throne until her uncle, King Edward VIII, ...read more, She’s one of the most iconic figures in world history: a queen whose reign has outlasted all other British monarchs and most other world leaders, too. Her financial and property holdings have made her one of the world’s richest women. December 18, 2012-Queen Elizabeth II attends a cabinet meeting at 10 Downing St, marking the end of the celebration of her Diamond Jubilee. Though many in the royal circle viewed Philip as an unwise match due to his lack of money and foreign (German) blood, Elizabeth was determined and very much in love. In 1968, Charles was formally invested as the Prince of Wales, marking his coming of age and the beginning of what would be a long period as king-in-waiting. Though rumors have swirled at various times that Queen Elizabeth would step aside and let Prince Charles take the throne—in 2017, she delegated some of her royal obligations, such as the official Remembrance Day ceremony, to her eldest son, fueling speculation that she was preparing to give him the throne—many royal experts doubt she will ever abdicate, and she remains a consistent, stable presence at the head of Britain’s reigning family. In addition, as the country struggled with a recession, resentment over the royals’ lifestyle mounted, and in 1992 Elizabeth, although personally exempt, agreed to pay taxes on her private income. The princess’s education was supervised by her mother, who entrusted her daughters to a governess, Marion Crawford; the princess was also grounded in history by C.H.K. The princess’s education was supervised by her mother, who entrusted Elizabeth and her sister to a governess, Marion Crawford. During World War II she and her sister, Princess Margaret Rose, perforce spent much of their time safely away from the London blitz and separated from their parents, living mostly at Balmoral Castle in Scotland and at the Royal Lodge, Windsor, and Windsor Castle. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. As a result, her father became King George VI, and 10-year-old “Lilibet” (as she was known within the family) became the heir presumptive to the throne. Elizabeth assumed the title of queen upon her father’s death in 1952. 132.3k Followers, 144 Following, 1,258 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from Queen Elizabeth II UK (@queenelizabethiiuk) In 1947, she became engaged to Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, whom she had first met at the age of 13. The couple were married the same year at Westminster Abbey, and have four children together. Always a vigorous traveler, she kept a punishing schedule to mark the occasion, traveling some 56,000 miles around the Commonwealth, including the island nations Fiji and Tonga, New Zealand, Australia, Papua New Guinea, the British West Indies and Canada. As she always does the Thursday ahead of … The criticism intensified following Diana’s death in 1997, especially after Elizabeth initially refused to allow the national flag to fly at half-staff over Buckingham Palace. A small plane crash in Georgia killed … Her Majesty the Queen, The Royal Household website. By Leah Silverman. During her “Silver Jubilee” in 1977, she presided at a London banquet attended by the leaders of the 36 members of the Commonwealth, traveled all over Britain and Northern Ireland, and toured overseas in the South Pacific and Australia, in Canada, and in the Caribbean. When Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, the elder daughter of Prince Albert, Duke of York, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, was born on April 21, 1926, she apparently had little chance of assuming the throne, as her father was a younger son of King George V. But in late 1936, her uncle, King Edward VIII, abdicated to marry an American divorcée, Wallis Simpson. As a result, her father became King George VI, and 10-year-old “Lilibet” (as sh… She has been married to Prince Philip since November 20, 1947. Sir Gerald Wollaston reading the official proclamation of Elizabeth being queen of England, February 8, 1952. She ...read more, The crown can be a heavy burden to bear, and the 1960s and 70s were challenging decades for Queen Elizabeth. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elizabeth-II, Vision - Queen Elizabeth II: Duty Comes First, The Home of the Royal Family - Her Majesty The Queen, Government of Canada - Canadian Heritage - Biography of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, The Canadian Encyclopedia - Biography of Queen Elizabeth II, Elizabeth II - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Elizabeth II - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Queen Elizabeth, King George VI, Princess Margaret, and Princess Elizabeth, Queen Elizabeth II: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Elizabeth II and Catherine, duchess of Cambridge. In 1942, the king made Elizabeth an honorary colonel in the 500 Grenadier Guards, a Royal Army regiment. Dubbed by a historian as "Elizabeth the Silent," the life of Britain's longest-reigning monarch is far … With her father’s health declining in 1951, Elizabeth stepped in for him at various state functions. In 2005, the queen enjoyed public support when she gave her assent to Prince Charles’ once-unthinkable marriage to his longtime love Camilla Parker Bowles. In 1961 she made the first royal British tour of the Indian subcontinent in 50 years, and she was also the first reigning British monarch to visit South America (in 1968) and the Persian Gulf countries (in 1979). The queen’s other children were Princess Anne (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise), born August 15, 1950, and created princess royal in 1987; Prince Andrew (Andrew Albert Christian Edward), born February 19, 1960, and created duke of York in 1986; and Prince Edward (Edward Anthony Richard Louis), born March 10, 1964, and created earl of Wessex and Viscount Severn in 1999. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Less than two years after Prince Charles was born, Queen Elizabeth gave birth to Anne, Princess Royal. Since all British passports are issued in the queen’s name, she herself doesn’t need one. On the eve of the wedding her father, the king, conferred upon the bridegroom the titles of duke of Edinburgh, earl of Merioneth, and Baron Greenwich. In another modernizing measure, she also agreed to open the state rooms at Buckingham Palace to the public for an admission fee when she was not in residence. Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the Queen of the United Kingdom, and the other Commonwealth realms. Elizabeth is known to favour simplicity in court life and is also known to take a serious and informed interest in government business, aside from the traditional and ceremonial duties. It was at Sandringham that Queen Elizabeth II had showdown talks with the couple after their decision to step back from royal duties in January. The marriage took place in Westminster Abbey on November 20, 1947. During her reign the English monarchy took on its modern ...read more, 1. Elizabeth II (right) and Catherine, duchess of Cambridge, visiting Leicester, England, at the start of the queen's Diamond Jubilee tour of the United Kingdom, 2012. She is the longest-reigning monarch in British history. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. In the summer of 1951 the health of King George VI entered into a serious decline, and Princess Elizabeth represented him at the Trooping the Colour and on various other state occasions. Marten, afterward provost of Eton College, and had instruction from visiting teachers in music and languages. Her coronation was held at Westminster Abbey on June 2, 1953. Queen Elizabeth II was born on April 21, 1926 in 17 Bruton Street, Mayfair, London, England as Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor (Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary of York). Queen Elizabeth II reading a speech from the throne at the state opening of Parliament, 1958. She and Philip wed on November 20, 1947, at Westminster Abbey. Which prime minister didn’t enjoy life at No 10? The celebrations were somewhat diminished by the deaths of Elizabeth’s mother and sister early in the year. Queen Elizabeth II became Head of the Commonwealth upon the death of her … After spending that Christmas with the royal family, Elizabeth and Philip left on a tour of Australia and New Zealand, making a stopover in Kenya en route. The Princess Elizabeth became an honorary colonel of the Grenadier Guards regiment in 1942. Princess Elizabeth was christened in a lace gown originally worn by Queen Elizabeth I. Elizabeth was the elder daughter of Prince Albert, duke of York, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Elizabeth and Philip had two more children, Andrew (born 1960) and Edward (born 1964). Her Majesty's jewelry box is unmatched. They have four children. On October 7 she and her husband set out on a highly successful tour of Canada and Washington, D.C. After Christmas in England she and the duke set out in January 1952 for a tour of Australia and New Zealand, but en route, at Sagana, Kenya, news reached them of the king’s death on February 6, 1952. Though Queen Elizabeth initially kept the family (including Princes William and Harry) out of the public eye at Balmoral, the unprecedented public response to Diana’s death convinced her to return to London, make a televised speech about Diana, greet mourners and allow the Union Jack to fly at half-mast above Buckingham Palace. Prolific Correspondence. The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, who will likely become Britain’s next king and queen, continued the line of succession with their children, Prince George (born 2013), Princess Charlotte (born 2015) and Prince Louis (born 2018). That same year, the royal couple celebrated 70 years of marriage, making theirs the longest union in the history of the British monarchy. Despite the risks, Elizabeth eventually joined … Queen Elizabeth’s Silver Jubilee in 1977, marking her 25 years on the throne, proved a bright spot in an era of economic struggles. Elizabeth's Family. Elizabeth was born to Prince Albert and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon and had a younger sister, Princess Margaret. Elizabeth II is the queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Elizabeth II in her coronation robes, photograph by Cecil Beaton, 1953. Elizabeth, now queen, at once flew back to England. As part of her “Golden Jubilee,” events were held throughout the Commonwealth, including several days of festivities in London. They were in Kenya on February 6, 1952, when King George VI succumbed to lung cancer at the age of 56, and his 25-year-old daughter became the sixth woman in history to ascend to the British throne. The Truth About Queen Elizabeth II and Princess Diana’s Relationship Ingrid Seward Updated: Nov. 07, 2019 The unexpected story of how two powerful women tried to … Queen Elizabeth II, 94, is head of the Church of England and a devoted Christian for whom Easter is a hugely important holiday.Usually, the Queen attends a … The following month she surpassed George III to become the second longest-reigning monarch in British history, behind Victoria. Updates? Princess Diana—who married into British royalty, only to later be divorced from it—devoted herself to charitable causes and became a global icon before dying in a car accident in Paris in 1997. Serve others. Elizabeth II was born on April 21, 1926, in London. Their first son, Charles (Prince of Wales) was born in 1948; a daughter, Anne (Princess Royal) arrived two years later. Omissions? In April 2011 Elizabeth led the family in celebrating the wedding of Prince William of Wales—the elder son of Charles and Diana—and Catherine Middleton. In 1947, soon after the royal family returned from an official visit to South Africa and Rhodesia, they announced Elizabeth’s engagement to Prince Philip of Greece, her third cousin (both were great-great-grandchildren of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert) and a lieutenant in the Royal Navy. First 'Walkabout' - 1970. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... (From left) Queen Elizabeth, King George VI, Princess Margaret, and Princess Elizabeth, 1939. Though she spent much of her childhood with nannies, Princess Elizabeth was influenced greatly by her mother, who instilled in her a devout Christian faith as well as a keen understanding of the demands of royal life. A fire also broke out at Windsor Castle that same year, and amid public outcry over the use of government funds to restore the royal residence, Queen Elizabeth agreed to pay taxes on her private income. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Elizabeth and Margaret got their … … Though the couple soon welcomed two sons, William and Harry, their marriage quickly imploded, causing considerable public embarrassment for the queen and the entire royal family. Grab a copy of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! Princess Elizabeth accompanied by her nurse in Hyde Park, London. Elizabeth II, in full Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, officially Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of her other realms and territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith, (born April 21, 1926, London, England), queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from February 6, 1952. In 2002 Elizabeth celebrated her 50th year on the throne. Despite being history’s most widely traveled head of state—she has reportedly visited 116 countries during her reign—Elizabeth does not hold a passport. In response to pointed criticism in the press, the queen embraced steps to modernize her own image and that of the monarchy, including televising her annual Christmas broadcast for the first time in 1957. Queen Elizabeth II was concerned for young Prince William in the wake of his parents’ 1992 separation, according to Robert Lacey‘s new royal tell-all. Elizabeth’s famous attachment to Pembroke Welsh corgis also began in childhood, and she would own more than 30 corgis over the course of her reign. Queen Elizabeth … By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Queen Elizabeth II's ascension to the throne at just 25 years old in 1952 is certainly a fascinating story.Now one of the more compelling parts is back in … © 2021 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Elizabeth II is the current Queen of the United Kingdom and Head of the Commonwealth. Ii greeting children at NASA 's Goddard Space Flight Center during a visit to the appropriate style manual or sources... Of England, February 8, 1952 Our editors will review what you ’ submitted! Once flew back to England review what you ’ ve submitted and determine whether to revise article! However, the period of full mourning for her father, king George VI, died on 6 1952... 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