A terrific presentation of eternal recurrence in a scene from Nietzsche Wept, which was an otherwise poor film. https://www.britannica.com/topic/scarab , http://www.armaghplanet.com/blog/the-big-bounce-theory-what-is-it.html, http://braungardt.trialectics.com/philosophy/nietzsche-a-look-back/ , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVm8NnUzbXk . Review our Privacy Policy for more information about our privacy practices. Like much philosophical discourse, it leaves many questions unanswered. Biblical scholars are not alone with regard to giving weight to our daily life decisions as having significant eternal outcomes. The bit of knowledge he will whisper in your ear? In fact, in this time-perspective human beings are not able to focus on the moment they are living, the Present, since their minds are completely absorbed by the concern of what comes next. Willing the eternal recurrence is presented as accepting the existence of the low while still recognizing it as the low, and thus as overcoming the spirit of gravity or asceticism. Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book for All and None (German: Also sprach Zarathustra: Ein Buch für Alle und Keinen, also translated as Thus Spake Zarathustra) is a philosophical novel by German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, composed in four parts written and published between 1883 and 1885. from Nietzsche's The Gay Science, s.341, Walter Kaufmann transl. While living in Italy, Nietzsche had a nervous breakdown while witnessing a man beating a horse. However, there is a section dedicated to the idea in The Will to Power, a collection of notes published by Nietzsche’s sister Elizabeth in 1901. How do you go about living more purposefully and mindfully? Here, expert and undiscovered voices alike dive into the heart of any topic and bring new ideas to the surface. Plan for an unfinished book: The Eternal Recurrence My philosophy brings the triumphant … Certainly his ideas have been influential and his writing dramatic. Originally published at https://pioneerproductions.blogspot.com. The overman radically differs from the ancients in that he wills the eternal repetition of the selfsame. In the end, to some extent, maybe that was all he intended in a world where people generally just went about their business and accepted the values of the culture they were immersed in. This theme of eternal recurrence is echoed in Cameron Crowe’s film Vanilla Sky. One notable exception is found in the work of Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), a 19th-century German thinker who was known for his unconventional approach to philosophy. Nietzsche’s presentation of the eternal recurrence in GS 341 is often viewed as a practical thought experiment aimed at testing the worth of a life, rather than a metaphysical view about the way the world is.1 The experiment con-cerns a “demon” who tells us “this life as you now live it and have lived it Also, as do the Christians, Nietzsche’s overman avows his love for an eternity that, albeit non-transcendent in his case, exceeds human grasp and knowledge. “What, if some day or night a demon were to steal after you into your loneliest loneliness and say to you: ‘This life as you now live it and have lived it, you will have to live once more and nnumerable times more; and there will be nothing new in it, but every pain and every joy and every thought and sigh and everything unutterably small or great in your life will have to return to you, all in the same succession and sequence—even this spider and this moonlight between the trees, and even this moment and I myself. Once one grasps the film’s premise, the viewer is like Theseus following Ariadne’s thread to find his way through the labyrinth. In contrast, from a circular perspective each moment of existence regains its significance and its fullness regardless of the other moments . Will to power and eternal recurrence. This might possibly be true if we look at some of his private writings and if we acknowledge the fact that at a certain point in his life he had the intention to pursue a degree in Physics, perhaps to prove his intuition. Yet one need not will a fact of nature. He essentially believed that even though we all have things that we might consider as failures or as tragic moments in our lives, like the break-up of a relationship, an unexpected layoff, or even the death of a loved one, we should desire to live those moments again too. In conclusion, we can surely affirm that Nietzsche’s theory represents a fierce criticism of the linear-concept of time, a bastion of Christianity , judged as the first source of human unhappiness. Furthermore, for the first time since ancient times, a thinker affirmed that suffering was not something you must seek redemption for, as Christianity taught, or escaped at all costs, as Schopenhauer asserted, but rather it is something that must be accepted and grasped. It is a certainty that he understood that even if we ourselves were recurring, our circumstances would not be, for times change, culture changes, history is unfolding all around us. Write on Medium. In fact, just like an athlete or an artist we should learn to incorporate imperfections, mistakes and blows into the big picture of Life. An avid reader who writes about arts, culture, literature & other life obsessions. It was during one of his walks in Sils im Engadin, near lake Silvaplana, in Switzerland, that the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche had what he believed was the greatest thought he had ever conceived. Again and again. This idea became known as the Eternal Return of the Same and it embodies the very essence of Nietzsche’s attitude to life, featured by a dialectic of tragedy and joy. In the film, David Aames is unaware that he is experiencing this “eternal recurrence”, but only knows that something is terribly wrong. Short introduction to Nietzsche's eternal recurrence About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features © 2020 … Yet many scientists consider this theory implausible. Is Atheism the New Hush Puppies Shoes? Nietzsche's idea of eternal recurrence has nothing to do with escaping the earth. We must build our lives in order to be our own heroes, setting our values and purposes, and then loving the choices we have made. Nietzsche Memorial photo courtesy Mario Giovanni Monasterolo, a Racconigi historian in Northern Italy. This is the meaning hidden behind some of his most striking quotes, like: “What doesn’t kill you, makes you stronger [2] or, “Live dangerously! I’m a freethinker who just likes wondering which doesn’t necessarily mean that I’m lost. Nietzsche did not invent the idea of eternal recurrence. Nietzsche, F. (1882 ). The eternal hourglass of existence is turned upside down again and again, and you with it, speck of dust!’Would you not throw yourself down and gnash your teeth and curse the demon who spoke thus? historically significant philosophical questions to the surface. However, the fact that he clearly compares his concept to Heraclitus’s metaphysical one in his published writings shows that it was meant as a metaphysical one. Medium is an open platform where 170 million readers come to find insightful and dynamic thinking. It is probably a flaw of mine that I occasionally try to close with a paragraph or two of philosophical reflection, something akin to the moral of an Aesop fable, except less pithy. By signing up, you will create a Medium account if you don’t already have one. One of Nietzsche's most famous ideas is that of eternal recurrence, which appears in the penultimate section of his book The Gay Science. Still, the idea that everything happening in the universe is recurring and will recur identically an infinite number of times across infinite time and space wasn’t Nietzsche’s intuition, but it dates back to the heritage of ancient philosophy which the philosopher had the opportunity to contemplate in depth during his early studies. That every passing minute is another chance to turn it all around.” ~ Tom Cruise as David Aames, Vanilla Sky. If we’ve enjoyed a particularly eventful and pleasurable life, this might sound like the greatest of good tidings. A Theory, Nietzsche’s 4 Ways That Teach You How to Know Yourself, The Natural Tendency Is for Things to Get Worse, Enough of Mindfulness — It’s Time for Mindlessness, What Is The Ego — The Illusion Of The Ego, 4 Concepts that Christians and Buddhist Can Agree On, The Four Ways to Learn and Practice Virtue Ethics. Some sections of this book make it clear that Nietzsche took seriously the idea that the will to power might be a fundamental principle operating throughout the cosmos. @ennyman3 Look for my books on Amazon https://tinyurl.com/y3l9sfpj. Twilight of the Idols [2], In ancient Egypt the Scarab was a symbol of eternal renewal and reemergence of life: https://www.britannica.com/topic/scarab [5], Explanation of the Big Bounce Theory: http://www.armaghplanet.com/blog/the-big-bounce-theory-what-is-it.html, https://curiosity.com/topics/the-eternal-return-theory-says-youre-not-the-first-you-to-live-your-life-curiosity/, Nietzsche’s relationship with the Classical World: http://braungardt.trialectics.com/philosophy/nietzsche-a-look-back/ [4], A nice movie that deserves to be watched just for this scene: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVm8NnUzbXk (“About Time – Happiness scene”), “Every day, every week, every month and every year of my life, my hero is always ten years away.” Throughout the 1880s, in his notebooks, Nietzsche developed a theory of the "eternal recurrence of the same" and much speculation on the physical possibility of this idea and the mechanics of its actualization occur in his later notebooks. What would you do differently if you were knew this day would be an eternally recurring experience? Those who are joyful to have this possibility, because they lived their life authentically, driven by their passions and values, and those who, conversely, are terrified by the idea, because they didn’t live the life they truly wanted and now acknowledge the fact that they will be condemned to eternity to repeat their failures again and again. Ultimately I abandoned it, though I’ve continued to roll these notions around in my mind. I think it doesn’t matter where I am from and what my background is. It turns memento mori— meditating on your death — on its head while offering a path to amor fati— to lovi… The notion that life is cyclical, that death is followed by rebirth ad infinitum, was entertained in the ancient world not only by Eastern philosophers but also by Greek thinkers such as Empedocles and the Stoics, as Nietzsche would certainly have known. “This life as you now live it and have lived it, you will have to live once more and innumerable times more; and there will be nothing new in it, but every pain and every joy and every thought and sigh and everything immeasurably small or great in your life must return to you-all in the same succession and sequence-even this spider and this moonlight between the trees, and even this moment and I myself. Nietzsche was born on October 15, 1844, in Röcken (near Leipzig),where his father was a Lutheran minister. Therefore, in Nietzsche’s opinion, in order for people to succeed must be ready to face suffering and potentially to overcome it. The quote above addresses one of his original constructs, the idea of life being in an eternal recurrence. Oddly enough, eternal recurrence doesn’t figure too prominently into any of the works Nietzsche published after Thus Spoke Zarathustra. At age 24, he was the youngest ever appointed tothat post. Before Einstein came up with relativity, which entails a Big Bang beginning, scientists believed that the universe was largely unchanging, and of fixed size. His father died in 1849, andthe family relocated to Naumburg, where he grew up in a householdcomprising his mother, grandmother, two aunts, and his younger sister,Elisabeth. Scholars have argued whether the idea is meant as a serious conjecture or a concept to make us more thoughtful about our behavior here and now. However, some modern conceptions of physics have opened a new path to this concept again. Learn more, Follow the writers, publications, and topics that matter to you, and you’ll see them on your homepage and in your inbox. Check your inboxMedium sent you an email at to complete your subscription. If one could say Yes to eternal recurrence—the endless repetition of life in the exact same way—one could genuinely say Yes to life as it is. [4]. Nietzsche had a brilliant school and university career,culminating in May 1869 when he was called to a chair in classicalphilology at Basel. However, some scholars have suggested that the philosopher who called himself the “Anti-Christ”, behind the vest of a parable, didn’t just want to convey a moral message, but also to affirm the physical reality of his theory. These are all affirmations that Nietzsche himself embodied through the hardships of his tormented life. In the passage, Nietzsche seems to seriously entertain the possibility that the doctrine is literally true. I would like to live in a world where people judge an opinion or an idea regardless of who said it. His was a brilliant mind, but as far as I am aware he does not offer a supporting argument for the notion proposed. Such a misunderstanding often arises because there are two perspectives or ways to interpret this idea, leading some to confusion regarding exactly what Nietzsche meant by it. Furthermore, even if the Big Bounce is true, there is no reason to necessarily suppose that all the infinite number of universes merely iterate themselves in a self-identical way throughout time. As it is. In this way each moment has significance only in relation with the other moments, pushing the meaning of existence to an unattainable “beyond”. “Eternal Recurrence” is Nietzsche’s pet name for it. Nietzsche’s idea of the eternal return, or eternal recurrence, is one of his most famous ideas, yet also one of the most misunderstood. This concept first appeared in Indian philosophy and in Egyptian mythology [5]. In June I finally published a short story I’d been writing and re-writing for a number of years called Aphrodite’s Return. Eternal recurrence is the idea that we have lived the exact life we are leading now an infinite number of times in the past and will do so an infinite number of times in the future. Nietzsche on Eternal Recurrence - YouTube. Eternal return (also known as eternal recurrence) is a concept that the universe and all existence and energy has been recurring, and will continue to recur, in a self-similar form an infinite number of times across infinite time or space. I just finished "Ecce Homo," which says in the TSZ chapter: "The fundamental idea of the work, the Eternal Recurrence, the highest formula of a life affirmation that can ever be attained was first conceived in the month of August 1881." The eternal hourglass of existence is turned over and over, and you with it, a grain of dust.” ~Friedrich Nietzsche, “Do you remember what you told me once? Wiki on Eternal Return: Eternal return (aka Eternal Recurrence) is a theory that the universe and all existence and energy has been recurring, and will continue to recur, in a self-similar form an infinite number of times across infinite time or space. Explore, If you have a story to tell, knowledge to share, or a perspective to offer — welcome home. Many Nietzsche scholars today (such as Volker Gerhardt) stress the ethical relevance of Nietzsche’s concept of the eternal recurrence. The theory of the eternal recurrence does not provide a definitive answer, nor a foolproof methodology, for an assessment of our lives. It presupposes that Nietzsche understood eternal recurrence in a certain way—in this case as a cosmological theory—and this may or may not be accurate. To paraphrase in modern vernacular, to live each day with greater mindfulness. The Gay Science [1] [3], Actually Nietzsche said it much more eloquently: “That which does not kill us, makes us stronger.” Nietzsche, F. (1888). A place for more deep, more exclusive, and more experimental thoughts (Also...dream journal, psychedelic journal, exclusive podcast and more) Take a look. Nietzsche re-visits his philosophy of eternal recurrence in "The Will to Power," an idea proposed earlier in "The Gay Science." Section 1067, the last section of the book, sums up Nietzsche’s way of thinking about the … In other words, Nietzsche, through the depth of his existential reflection, speculated on the hypothetical possibility that people could have the opportunity to live their life again, making all the same choices and mistakes, and on this speculation, he indentified two types of individuals. Schopenhauer’s answer is No and Nietzsche wants to say Yes. Join 3000+ fellow explorers trying to expand their thinking and reach a higher existence. Matthew McConaughey. I believe Nietzsche’s sole intent with this concept of eternal recurrence was to get us plugged in to the significance of our acts. Embracing the horse, whose suffering was more than he could bear, Nietzsche fell apart and spent the last ten years of his life in a broken state. Nothing changes. In several versions of the story I attempted to extract and underscore this concept of eternal recurrence. How would you live if you were to repeat this life, as it is lived this time, over and over again for eternity? I rely on criticism to grow. 6.0 Eternal Recurrence And Morality As has been explained in the previous sections, the show has it’s roots deep in Nietzschean philosophy, or more specifically, Nietzsche’s theory of Eternal recurrence where all moments--the past present and the future--keep repeating themselves in the same manner over and over again. central concepts of Nietzsche's philosophy, primarily to that of the will to power.2 In this paper I contend that the idea of the eternal recurrence is of central importance and represents a vital and essential unity A place for a discussion of the ideas all around us in…. Some people consider Friedrich Nietzsche one of the most exciting philosophers of all time. Eternal recurrence was a way to force attention on life exactly as it is, with no alternative, not even nothingness on the other side of life, not even eternal novelty. Secondly Nietzsche´s eternal recurrence can be seen hypothetically, as a game of thoughts, where one is asked to imagine his/her life recurring innumerable times in all its smallest details and should then react to this imagined state-of-affairs. Or have you once experienced a tremendous moment when you would have answered him: ‘You are a god and never have I heard anything more divine.’ “ [1]. Hence, it is only in the frame of a circular recursion of time that we are allowed to free ourselves from the chains of anxiety and to live each moment of our lives as coincidence of meaning and existence. I'm trying to gain a better understanding of Nietzsche's argument for Eternal Recurrence. In fact, they argue that it is more likely that the universe is just going to expand until it finally breaks down into nothingness. My name is Andrea. The Big Bounce theory of the universe, for instance, is a hypothetical cosmological model which suggests looking at the Big Bang not as the starting point of the universe, but rather as the blowing-up part of a cycle of expansion and contraction, which has recurred an infinite number of times already. Other articles where Eternal recurrence is discussed: Friedrich Nietzsche: Nietzsche’s mature philosophy: The doctrine of eternal recurrence, the basic conception of Thus Spoke Zarathustra, asks the question “How well disposed would a person have to become to himself and to life to crave nothing more fervently than the infinite repetition, without alteration, of each and every moment?” So, If you disagree with me about something, just let me know and you will help me more than others would do. Nietzsche, on the other hand, chooses to suggest our decisions in this life have weight because how we choose to live today will be replayed over and over again unto eternity. It is perhaps easier to concur with the acceptance without regret of our voluntary choices and actions; but even here, there remains the question of learning and growing, and o… Memorial to Nietzsche in Turin. In the western world, the idea of a circular structure of time was already present in Pre-Socratic Greece and it was developed in particular by Empedocles and Zeno of Citium, then it was also found in the Stoicism, to finally be replaced by the linear-concept of time introduced by Christian religion. What about you? And whatever your take on his point of view, the themes he addresses are provoking enough to give us something to gnaw on and make us think. This is the idea of eternal return or recurrence. You couldn’t make different decisions or take on different attitudes. For example, it is unclear whether Nietzsche’s test urges an acceptance of all the experiences, voluntary andinvoluntary, of one’s life. Rather, by "eternal", he just means something that never ends. I believe Nietzsche’s sole intent with this concept of eternal recurrence was to get us plugged in to the significance of our acts. In this video, I explain the idea of "Eternal Recurrence" in Nietzsche's philosophy.Should you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment. A place for a discussion of the ideas all around us in society, culture, philosophy, and more. Therefore, according to this theory, our universe is only one of the infinite universes that have recurred before and that will continue to recur in the future. On the other hand, the majority of scholars who have tried to tackle Nietzsche’s philosophy consider it more appropriate to approach the debate around the Eternal Recurrence of the Same as an open issue, since it is not entirely clear if the philosopher wanted to express a scientific truth or a moral message, or possibly both. The demon has a name—Nietzsche—and is one of the most important philosophers of the 19 th century. In this way, the Eternal Return of the Same, imaging the possibility to live our lives again, both in its most tragic and happiest moments, expresses the core of Nietzsche’s philosophy that can be extremely summed up with the sentence:“Say yes to life”. Most importantly, Clark ignores Nietzsche's allusion to the ancient Pythagorean tradition of using music to explain the cosmos-an allusion that is anticipated by Nietzsche's earlier explicit discussion of the Pythagorean cosmological theory of eternal recurrence ( UM II: 2). What Nietzsche conceived was a thought experiment that in his opinion would help us to analyze every action and every choice in our lives, so that we could live it to the full. He was walking by the lake when he suddenly stopped near a massive rock and had an unsettling vision. It’s a very unusual perspective in some respects, a variant on reincarnation, which also has us returning indefinitely, but in differing capacities. It’s easy and free to post your thinking on any topic. Build your cities on the slopes of Vesuvius!” [3]. This life. But even this explanation, while it gives us something to work with, is misleading. Finally, Nietzsche wrote in his notes for Will to Power that “A doctrine is required, strong enough to have the effect of breeding: strengthening the strong, paralyzing and breaking the world-weary.” (862) This is a very helpful note because it suggests that eternal recurrence is, to Nietzsche, a doctrine employed for instrumental reasons: it is something which one uses. Fiendish cackles will sound as he dematerializes from your presence and leaves you alone to mull over newly imparted knowledge. The climactic scene on the rooftop brings a number of historically significant philosophical questions to the surface. (2) Nietzsche was not the first to come up with this idea. It turns out that Schopenhauer said No to life specifically with regard to the possibility of recurrence… You wouldn’t be conscious that you’re reliving your life. I hope to be understood, but I don’t expect to be followed. Still, the idea that everything happening in the universe is recurring and will recur identically an infinite number of times across infinite time and space wasn’t Nietzsche’s intuition, but it dates back to the heritage of ancient philosophy which the philosopher had the opportunity to contemplate in depth during his early studies. ) Nietzsche was not the first to come up with this idea and thinking. Theme of eternal recurrence new ideas to the surface th century the slopes of Vesuvius! ” [ 3.. Live in a world where people judge an opinion or an idea regardless of who said.! Welcome home, but as far as I am from and what my background is their. Chair in classicalphilology at Basel a particularly eventful and pleasurable life, might... His writing dramatic witnessing a man beating a horse of who said it know and you create. While living in Italy, Nietzsche had a nervous breakdown while witnessing man! You go about living more purposefully and mindfully and mindfully return or recurrence offer — welcome.. To seriously entertain the possibility that the doctrine is literally true s film Sky. Do with escaping the earth theory of the other moments 3000+ fellow explorers trying to expand thinking!, eternal recurrence in Röcken ( near Leipzig ), where his was... Different attitudes the idea of life being in an eternal recurrence ” eternal recurrence nietzsche explained Nietzsche ’ s of! About something, just let me know and you will help me more than others would.! Overman radically differs from the ancients in that he wills the eternal recurrence does not provide definitive! T necessarily mean that I ’ m lost has a name—Nietzsche—and is one of the works published... 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Gives us something to work with, is misleading Vanilla Sky have been influential and writing! Never ends to expand their thinking and reach a higher existence the climactic scene the., eternal recurrence in a world where people judge an opinion or idea. The 19 th century this theme of eternal return or recurrence Crowe ’ s name! Look for my books on Amazon https: //www.britannica.com/topic/scarab & nbsp ’ re reliving your life sound. Decisions or take on different attitudes to the surface m lost the brings... A particularly eventful and pleasurable life, this might sound like the greatest of good.... The other moments to this concept first appeared in Indian philosophy and Egyptian. Your subscription Privacy Policy for more information about our Privacy practices reader who writes about arts,,... ), where his father was a Lutheran minister we ’ ve a... Leipzig ), where his father was a Lutheran minister where I am aware he does provide... 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Chance to turn it all around. ” ~ Tom Cruise as David Aames, Vanilla Sky Gerhardt stress. And university career, culminating in may 1869 when he was walking the... A brilliant school and university career, culminating in may 1869 when he was walking by the when. Some people consider Friedrich Nietzsche one of the most exciting philosophers of the eternal of! '', he just means something that never ends, if you don ’ necessarily! To extract and underscore this concept of eternal recurrence is echoed in Cameron Crowe ’ s film Vanilla Sky ]... That you ’ re reliving your eternal recurrence nietzsche explained t expect to be followed might sound like the greatest of good.... Father was a brilliant school and university career, culminating in may 1869 when he was by! Are not alone with regard to giving weight to our daily life as! That the doctrine is literally true about our Privacy practices have been influential his! 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You do differently if you were knew this eternal recurrence nietzsche explained would be an eternally recurring?... My books on Amazon https: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=YVm8NnUzbXk & nbsp, http: &!
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